8.1 Introduction 8.2 Force Method using an External Reaction Redundant Force 8.3 Force Method using an Internal Force as the Redundant Force 8.4 Force Method for Multiple Degrees of Indeterminacy 8.5 Force Method for Support Settlements, Temperature Changes and Fabrication Errors 8.6 Practice Problems Book traversal links for Chapter 8: The Force Method 7.5a Selected Problem Answers Up 8.1 Introduction